CPT and OPT: The Differences and Similarities
As an international student pursuing higher education in the United States, there are two of the most crucial acronyms that you want to know about: CPT (Curricular Practical Training) and OPT (Optional Practical Training). These programs allow you to gain valuable work experience in the U.S. while or after pursuing your studies. Let’s explore the key differences and similarities between CPT and OPT, so that you can make informed decisions early in your academic and career path.
| Criteria | CPT | OPT |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Description | CPT is a program that allows F1 students to engage in off-campus employment related to their field of study before completing their degree. It’s designed to provide practical, hands-on experience that complements your coursework. | OPT, on the other hand, is a program that permits F1 students to work in their field of study, either during or after completing their degree. It offers a broader timeframe for gaining work experience, making it suitable for both pre- and post-graduation opportunities. |
| Timing of Employment | You can participate in CPT while you’re still in school, provided you meet certain eligibility criteria. It’s typically used for internships, co-op programs, and other forms of practical training during your academic program. | OPT can be used both before and after completing your degree. Pre-completion OPT allows you to work part-time while you’re still studying, while post-completion OPT provides full-time work opportunities after graduation. |
| Degree Completion Requirement | There’s no requirement to complete your degree before using CPT. As long as you meet your school’s specific CPT eligibility criteria, you can apply. | Post-completion OPT requires you to have completed your degree program, while pre-completion OPT does not have this requirement. |
| Duration | The duration of CPT is flexible, but it must align with your program’s curriculum requirements. It can be used part-time (20 hours per week or less) or full-time (more than 20 hours per week) during the academic year, and there’s no specific time limit. | You can use post-completion OPT for up to 12 months, while pre-completion OPT also has a maximum limit of 12 months. However, any pre-completion OPT used will be deducted from the 12-month post-completion OPT total. |
| Application Process & Work Authorization | You’ll need to prepare paperwork for an endorsement in your I-20 from the Designated School Official (DSO). | You’ll need to prepeare an application to receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS before you can legally work in the U.S. under OPT. |
| Field of Study Requirement | Both CPT and OPT require that your employment be directly related to your major field of study. This ensures that the work experience gained is relevant to your academic program. | |
In conclusion, both CPT and OPT are valuable opportunities for international students to gain practical experience in their field of study while in the U.S. Whether you choose CPT or OPT, both paths can lead to a brighter future in your chosen field.
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